Dealing with disagreement: The roles of topic familiarity and disagreement explanation in evaluation of conflicting expert claims and sources     

《Learning and Instruction》2020

Learners may increasingly encounter conflicting expert reports. However, little is known about how they deal with this challenge. We examined how learners' familiarity with a controversial historical topic affects their epistemic judgments of conflicting expert claims and sources, the interplay of their claim and source evaluation strategies, and their meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the disagreement (absolutist, multiplist, and evaluativist perspectives). In two studies, topic familiarity increased agreement with belief-consistent expert claims and the perceived trustworthiness of the expert who presented these claims. Topic familiarity also impacted the coordination of evaluation strategies and led to greater reliance on knowledge-based validation. However, topic familiarity did not affect meta-epistemic understanding of the legitimacy of the controversy. In the second study, reading an explanation about reasons for disagreements between historians resulted in higher evaluativism. Teaching about expert disagreement may be a productive approach for promoting appreciation of the diversity of knowledge.  相似文献   

Granularity of algorithmically constructed publication-level classifications of research publications: Identification of topics     

Peter Sjögårde  Per Ahlgren 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(1):133-152

The purpose of this study is to find a theoretically grounded, practically applicable and useful granularity level of an algorithmically constructed publication-level classification of research publications (ACPLC). The level addressed is the level of research topics. The methodology we propose uses synthesis papers and their reference articles to construct a baseline classification. A dataset of about 31 million publications, and their mutual citations relations, is used to obtain several ACPLCs of different granularity. Each ACPLC is compared to the baseline classification and the best performing ACPLC is identified. The results of two case studies show that the topics of the cases are closely associated with different classes of the identified ACPLC, and that these classes tend to treat only one topic. Further, the class size variation is moderate, and only a small proportion of the publications belong to very small classes. For these reasons, we conclude that the proposed methodology is suitable to determine the topic granularity level of an ACPLC and that the ACPLC identified by this methodology is useful for bibliometric analyses.  相似文献   

立足地域特色与资源优势优化创新选题思路--新疆图书选题存在的问题与发展对策     

姚永春  宋文静 《出版科学》2016,24(3):47-51

分析新疆出版业图书选题存在的问题,指出新疆具有浓郁的地域特色和丰富的民族文化资源,图书选题策划应当充分发挥地域特色和资源优势,着力策划民族语言类、非物质遗产类、“一带一路”类选题,繁荣区域文化,打造有新疆特色的民族出版业。  相似文献   

Comparison of three web-scale discovery services for health sciences research     

Rosie Hanneke  Kelly K. O'Brien 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2016,104(2):109-117

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of three web-scale discovery (WSD) tools in answering health sciences search queries.

Methods

Simple keyword searches, based on topics from six health sciences disciplines, were run at multiple real-world implementations of EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS), Ex Libris''s Primo, and ProQuest''s Summon. Each WSD tool was evaluated in its ability to retrieve relevant results and in its coverage of MEDLINE content.

Results

All WSD tools returned between 50%–60% relevant results. Primo returned a higher number of duplicate results than the other 2 WSD products. Summon results were more relevant when search terms were automatically mapped to controlled vocabulary. EDS indexed the largest number of MEDLINE citations, followed closely by Summon. Additionally, keyword searches in all 3 WSD tools retrieved relevant material that was not found with precision (Medical Subject Headings) searches in MEDLINE.

Conclusions

None of the 3 WSD products studied was overwhelmingly more effective in returning relevant results. While difficult to place the figure of 50%–60% relevance in context, it implies a strong likelihood that the average user would be able to find satisfactory sources on the first page of search results using a rudimentary keyword search. The discovery of additional relevant material beyond that retrieved from MEDLINE indicates WSD tools'' value as a supplement to traditional resources for health sciences researchers.  相似文献   

Provider documentation of patient education: a lean investigation     

Jean P. Shipman  Erica W. Lake  Jessica Van Der Volgen  Darrin Doman 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2016,104(2):154-158

Purpose

The study evaluates how providers give patient education materials and identifies improvements to comply with Meaningful Use (MU) requirements.

Methods

Thirty-eight patient-provider interactions in two health care outpatient clinics were observed.

Results

Providers do not uniformly know MU patient education requirements. Providers have individual preferences and find gaps in what is available. Accessing and documenting patient education varies among providers. Embedded electronic health record (EHR) materials, while available, have technical access barriers.

Conclusions

Providers'' EHR skills and knowledge levels contribute to non-standardized patient education delivery.  相似文献   

Placing wireless tablets in clinical settings for patient education     

Judy C. Stribling  Joshua E. Richardson 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2016,104(2):159-164

Objective

The authors explored the feasibility and possible benefit of tablet-based educational materials for patients in clinic waiting areas.

Methods

We distributed eight tablets preloaded with diagnosis-relevant information in two clinic waiting areas. Patients were surveyed about satisfaction, usability, and effects on learning. Technical issues were resolved.

Results

Thirty-seven of forty patients completed the survey. On average, the patients were satisfied in all categories.

Conclusions

Placing tablet-based educational materials in clinic waiting areas is relatively easy to implement. Patients using tablets reported satisfaction across three domains: usability, education, and satisfaction.  相似文献   

2005-2009年我国高校“以教师为选题”的研究状况分析——以4958篇硕博士论文为样本     

费广洪  赵嘉茹 《陕西师范大学继续教育学报》2011,(2)

本文采用统计学及内容分析法对2005-2009我国高校硕士及博士的4958篇学位论文进行了定量和定性分析。结果显示:(1)选题总体上研究主题集中,但是呈现重理论轻实践、重质的分析轻量的证明、重追随轻前瞻、重国内轻国际等特点;(2)4958篇学位论文的样本主要涉及教师素质、教师知识、教师教育、教师观念和行为、教师相关能力、教师心理、教师专业发展、教师评价、教师角色、教师管理等13个主题;(3)研究方法主要有专题论述、质的研究、量的研究及混合研究四种分类。其中,教师教育、教师观念、教师心理与行为和教师专业发展是研究的热点。  相似文献   

课程内容研究的新视野——TIMSS课程分析工具“主题追踪图”的演进与启示     

张新宇  袁智强  占小红 《比较教育研究》2011,(1):76-80

美国密歇根州立大学施密特教授等人研究开发并完善的TIMSS"主题追踪图"作为重要的整体性课程分析工具,其使用的建模方法有效弥补了传统研究方法的不足。本文通过检索"主题追踪图"的演变轨迹,认为基于该工具的国际课程比较能全面反映各国课程在主题选择与组织层面的异同,而构建的课程连贯性理想模型更是提供了一种全新的课程内容研究思路与范式。  相似文献   

中高级英美留学生叙事语篇零形回指偏误分析     

高世玉 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2020,(1):19-22

在汉语作为第二语言习得中,零形回指对外国留学生来说是一个老大难的问题。通过分析HSK动态作文语料库中英美留学生叙事语篇偏误材料,将偏误类型归为:零形回指不足和零形回指过度两大类,同一话题链中零形回指不足、小句之间使用关联词语连接的偏误、人称作定语多余的偏误、话题转移、小句间语义变化五小类。并进一步分析零形回指偏误产生的原因,应当包括汉语零形回指分布复杂、英语母语负迁移、教材编写方面的影响和泛化学习策略的使用。  相似文献   

Application of machine learning techniques to assess the trends and alignment of the funded research output     

《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(2):101018

Research and development activities are regarded as one of the most influencing factors of the future of a country. Large investments in research can yield a tremendous outcome in terms of a country’s overall wealth and strength. However, public financial resources of countries are often limited which calls for a wise and targeted investment. Scientific publications are considered as one of the main outputs of research investment. Although the general trend of scientific publications is increasing, a detailed analysis is required to monitor the research trends and assess whether they are in line with the top research priorities of the country. Such focused monitoring can shed light on scientific activities evolution as well as the formation of new research areas, thus helping governments to adjust priorities, if required. But monitoring the output of the funded research manually is not only very expensive and difficult, it is also subjective. Using structural topic models, in this paper we evaluated the trends in academic research performed by federally funded Canadian researchers during the time-frame of 2000–2018, covering more than 140,000 research publications. The proposed approach makes it possible to objectively and systematically monitor research projects, or any other set of documents related to research activities such as funding proposals, at large-scale. Our results confirm the accordance between the performed federally funded research projects and the top research priorities of Canada.  相似文献